??? ???

?? ???

?? ? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????, ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????. ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??(genetic drifting)? ??? ??( genetic contamination)? ?? ????.

????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???????. ? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????. ?? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????(homozygosity)? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????, ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ???.

??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????????. ?? ??? ?? ??, ?? ?? ??, ?? ???? ?????.

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?? ??: ??? ??, ?? 3???? ??? ??; 10??? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ? ??; ?? SNP ????

?? ?? ??: ?? ??? ??? 2?? ??, ?? ???? ?? 5???? ?? ??; ?? SNP ???? ? ?? ??

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?? ??: ?? ??? ??? 2?? ??, ?? ???? ?? 5-10???? ?? ??; ?? SNP ???? ? ?? ??

??? ? ????? ??? ??? ?? 50? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? 2??? ?????.

??? ???? ???

????? ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? SNPs(single nucleotide polymorphisms)? ?????.

????? ??? ???? ??? 19?? ????? 1?? X???? ???? ? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??(locus)? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ?? SNP ???? ?? ? 1,000?? ???? ?????? ???????. ?? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? 96?? SNP? ???? ??? ???????. ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ?????.

????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????.

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